New Zealand Terns
New Zealand is home to several species of terns, including the White-fronted Tern (Sterna striata), the Black-fronted Tern (Chlidonias albostriatus), and the Caspian Tern (Hydroprogne caspia). The White-fronted Tern, known as Tara, is the most common tern species in New Zealand, often seen in large flocks along the coast. The Black-fronted Tern, or Tarapiroe, is unique to New Zealand and breeds exclusively inland.
The Caspian Tern is the largest tern in the world, with a wingspan of 127–145 cm. It is easily recognized by its large red bill and distinctive call. Caspian Terns are found in both freshwater and saltwater environments and are known for their impressive aerial dives to catch fish.
The New Zealand fairy tern (Sternula nereis davisae), also known as Tara iti, is the rarest tern in New Zealand and the country’s most endangered bird. With an estimated fewer than 40 individuals, they are critically endangered due to habitat loss, predation, and human disturbance. Conservation efforts are ongoing to protect and increase their population.
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